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Development of problems in contemporary cities in South America * City of La Paz
Valdez Jarandilla, Fernando Hugo ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Zezůlková, Marie (referee) ; Havliš, Karel (referee) ; Wittmann, Maxmilian (advisor)
Předkládaná dizertační práce je rozdělena do dvou samostatných literárních celků, z nichž první představuje komparativní analýzu měst Latinské Ameriky a druhý se koncentruje na úspěšný případ plánování rozvoje města Curitiba. S ohledem na lepší pochopení problémů, se kterými se města Latinské Ameriky potýkají, a zejména porozumění specifikům města La Paz, které je hlavním předmětem této analýzy, je nutné na problematiku nahlížet v historickém kontextu současného urbanismu. Zde nalezneme některé odpovědi na otázky původu problémů městského plánování. Nahlížení v rámci historického kontextu také poskytne základní směrnice vývoje měst Latinské Ameriky. Z výše uvedených důvodů je pro potřeby dizertační práce klíčové zkoumat tyto aspekty historie urbanismu, neboť zde nalezneme původ současné podoby latinskoamerických měst a jejich městského plánování. V další části práce je kladen důraz na analýzu případu brazilského města Curitiba, na kterém lze úspěšně zkoumat případné uplatnění principů strategického plánování zaměřeného na udržitelnost města. Curitiba se, stejně jako další latinskoamerická města, potýkala od poloviny do konce 20. století s překotným růstem, dopravními zácpami a snižováním kvality života. Městu se nicméně podařilo tyto výzvy překonat kreativními řešeními v kontextu udržitelného rozvoje. Cílem předkládané práce je definovat principy řešení na základě úspěšné urbanistické zkušenosti města Curitiba a aplikovat je na další města Latinské Ameriky, konkrétně na La Paz. Abychom mohli v rámci práce prezentovat návrhy řešení reálným problémům, se kterými se v současnosti La Paz potýká, je potřeba nejprve důkladně porozumět procesům urbanismu, které z historického hlediska toto město utvářely a transformovaly, a následně předložit analýzu, zda myšlenky a zkušenosti případu města Curitiba lze úspěšně aplikovat na město La Paz.
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Kvalita života a urbanizace chudoby v Peru
Diatelová, Michaela
The thesis addresses the quality of life and urbanization of poverty in twenty-five regions of Peru and compares the situation in 2007 and 2017. The analysis includes Zipf's law, Gini index, beta and sigma convergence, composite indicator, and visualization of secondary data from the census and the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The Quality-of-Life Index consists of ten indicators according to income poverty, housing, education, fertility and citizenship. The results showed an uneven distribution of the population with urbanization around 79% in 2017. More than a third of the population lived in Lima and about a fifth in the regions of Piura, La Libertad, Arequipa and Cajamarca. About 79% of Peru's population still lived in their place of birth. Although the proportion of income poor has fallen, the Gini Index of urban income poverty has increased and still remained above 0.5. It pointed to growing inequality in income redistribution. Even if it is a middle-income country, over six million people lived in poverty in 2017, including one million in extreme conditions. The worst quality of life in cities was recorded in the tropical rainforests of Selva and in the mountain belt of Sierra. Between 2007 and 2017, the quality of life deteriorated in the regions of Pasco, Lima, Moquegua, Callao and Tacna. Gradually, the gap in quality of life between urban and rural areas is getting ever deeper.
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Vztahy ČR s Argentinou, Chile a Uruguayí po roce 2000 - komparativní analýza
Kobzová, Tereza
This diploma thesis deals with the relations of the Czech Republic with Argentina, Chile and Uruguay after 2000. The aim is to perform a comparative analysis of the dynamics of foreign trade with an emphasis on the influence of political developments in the monitored countries in the period 2000–2020. The thesis is prepared in the form of a literature search and is primarily based on the analysis of published documents, especially from the official websites of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. The work first deals with the countries individually, their political development and mutual relations with the Czech Republic, with an emphasis on foreign trade and political cooperation, especially focusing on important visits by political representatives of both countries and the signing of bilateral agreements. In conclusion, these three Latin American countries are compared and evaluated.
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Latin-American immigration to Spain during the last twenty years
Řeháčková, Linda ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
This thesis refers to Latin-American immigration to Spain during the last twenty years (1990 - 2010). This thesis is divided in two main parts. The first part is devoted to a general overview and also to the most important aspects related to the emigration of Latin Americans into Spain. The individual chapters are focused on the following topics: discussion and development of research of immigration in Spain, the roots of Latin American emigration, Spain as the destination of emigrants, migration policy of Spain, the composition of the Latin American population living in Spain, the integration of Latin American immigrants in Spanish labour market and Latin American gangs in Spain. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to a research focusing on the coexistence of Spanish and Latin Americans in the Iberian Peninsula. Based on the survey the following aspects are examined: the reasons of Latin Americans leading to emigration to Spain, experience of Latin American emigrants with attitude of Spanish people towards them, attitude of Spanish towards immigrants and last but not least the integration of Latin American immigrants into the Spanish society. My thesis is based on available materials concerning the issue, i.e. existing studies focusing on immigration at the present time, and statistical...
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The Impact of Neoliberal Reforms on Latin American Population
Feťko, Jozef ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
Neoliberalism evokes strong reactions in the minds of both its proponents and detractors. With the so-called second Pink Tide washing over Latin America recently and the growing rejection of the legacy of neoliberalism in countries like Chile, many academics have started proclaiming it dead and outlived. Yet there are still those who defend its legacy and claim it should have gone much further. This thesis critically engages with these arguments using both theoretical and empirical arguments that point to the inherent contradictions baked in the neoliberal theory, its flawed assumptions, as well as the high social costs that neoliberal reforms inflict on the populations affected by them. Additionally, it explores the historical development of neoliberalism during the Pinochet rule and its transformation after the 1982 crisis in Chile, which has famously been called the "lab of neoliberalism" and was long used as a model for economic development by many mainstream economists and international financial institutions.
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Bitcoin and the world-systems theory: the case of El Salvador
Černý, Ondřej ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (referee)
This bachelor's thesis revolves around the acceptance of Bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador and the subsequent reactions from the international community, particularly the United States and the International Monetary Fund. Using the case of El Salvador as a study, the thesis seeks to explore a broader phenomenon concerning Latin America and the potential for Bitcoin to be the key for positive socio-economic transformation in the region. The theoretical part of the thesis delves into the concepts of dollarization and the governance of Bitcoin, in addition to the world-systems theory proposed by Immanuel Wallerstein. Subsequently, the thesis applies these theories to concrete facts and conducts an analysis. The timeframe for this research spans from September 2021, when Bitcoin was officially adopted as legal tender in El Salvador, until the end of 2022.
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Vnímání Číny ve vybraných zemích Latinské Ameriky
Demartini, Michaela
Demartini M. Perception of China in selected countries of Latin America: Bachelor Thesis. Brno: Mendel University. Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, 2017. Advisor: Mgr. Ing. Richard Turcsányi, Ph.D. The paper deals with the perception of China in selected Latin American countries. The theoretical part summarizes the development of Latin American relations with China on the history background and their current state. It also includes and explains the theoretical basis of work - Chinese foreign policy and soft-power concept. The next part describes methodology of selecting three countries based on political, economic and social factors. The practical part includes individual case studies of Nicaragua, Peru and Venezuela and its perception of China. The aim is to find out how the selected Latin American states perceive China and try to explain this finding by presenting facts that may support or shape such perceptions.
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Remitence a ekonomický rozvoj v zemích jižní Asie a Latinské Ameriky
Kupka, Michal
Remittances have become a very important source of income in developing countries. The aim of the thesis is to identify the main impacts of remittances on economic development in South Asia and Latin America and to compare these impacts between these regions. The main impacts of remittances on economic development were identified by literature review. The available literature dealing with topic of remittances devotes the most space to impacts on gross domestic product, poverty, education, health and investment. Next, regression models were used to quantify and to find differences between identified main impacts. System GMM estimator was used to find impact on gross domestic product. Different effect of remittances on the growth of gross domestic product between regions was found. Using the OLS model, a different effect was found also in the case of the impact of remittances on poverty. The impact on education was the last impact analyzed. According to the OLS model, there is a larger difference in educational expenditure between remittance receiving households and households not receiving remittances in Latin America than in South Asia. The impact on health and investment has not been further investigated due to lack of data.
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